Hello, near the sitting to the dollar. This is an american history podcast in which, each week I dave Anthony, really story to Gareth reynolds who, has no idea what the topic is about. You forget your part now, but I think he's satan and you ve called me your friend in the past. Asked so I didn't say that now, whatever I guess run I

I ground the friendship and here is that awkward time to end it, and you want to look at one time. People say this is clearly not garry garrow dave, okay, someone or something is tickling, and this is not going to come particularly clock or queens. Uptown all our way of life, a bunch of religious virgins, go to mingle and do what re done for the okay eighteen, forty eight, oh boy, america, on Monday fisk, omened de fists. name their child almond cause he's gnats either that or there was an auto correct that I didn't know

I gather that had been either archaic as almonds, a pretty name young, although at that time the kid this. Is it my boy, trade drunk? It's totally real gives a fuck. Here's wala is about boy. Well, not so amity fisk was granted the first patent before a cast iron coffin, called the fisk airtight coffin or cast a raise metal in eighteen, forty, eight guy. in eighteen, forty, nine, the cast iron coffin was publicly unveiled at the new york state agriculture society fair in syracuse new year. Was the aggressor and I'm so great fair who doesn't want to go to the car

it's an exhibit at the fair. I do wonder how it was received, though, because in this time you can't be sure how people, if people feel like one of those weirdo or if people like, oh, my goodness, it's the height of luxury, holy look at that kaya, a skin tight that pistachio. Will you buy me up for our anniversary darn right, I will door the known as the fisc mummy this metal coffin was an eerie because it was shaped like a corpse wrapped in a burial shroud interesting, basically resuming an egyptian sarcophagus with scope that arms and had a glass window to do the two to view the face of the cadaver. Ok, well, that is terrible It is totally terrifying. No it's it's totally the worst idea. Ever it's a winder eat out what a window in the decomposing, yet for the face yeah but yeah you'd, rather the chat, so you look down and the eyes are looking right back up dead eyes as it's starting to erode in the ground. Oh yeah, like I, was at a tier head,

in neighbor and the but the, but the the glass window could be covered with a metal plate when the coffin was ready for barrel. So when you're gonna throw the when you throw the dirt on the top you little metal cover has pointed there's. Nobody will ever there's no point. His ashes shudder, no point in that you can be thrown during the dead gotta. Be no one he's. Ok, I'm sorry, fisk added accents like drapery rosewood, insert fringe to lessen, is disturbing impact on perspective buyers. Will that is just with hope and fear, adding curtains to a cough, and you made a disturbing it's time to redo neurons are pretty nice up k, that's what he's just over

ordered he's got. I ordered a thousand of these. Let's just put drapes on the inside the some lines the cast iron coffins were popular in the mid eighty hundreds among wealthier families in response to high demand, fisk established the fisk and raymond company and began protection in providence, rhode island, while pine coffins in eighteen fifties would have a cost of around two dollars. A fist coffin would command a price upwards of a hundred dollars. Ok, nonetheless, the metallic coffins were greatly desired by the more affluent individuals and families for their potential to tour.

Grave robbers. I just love of having your body taken out of the ground by grapes. It seems like almost everything in the eighteen hundreds was about trying to stop people from just cause up until then. It's like, I would just pay the two dollars, but let's say it's an investment in keeping your body in the ground instead of just like taken and done with whatever they want in order to keep up with demand. Fisk, additionally license the right to manufacture the the coffins to to larger firms. The design and materials were chosen because of their ability to protect the body and prevent decomposition so that it could endure transportation or delayed internment. But for what purpose? Oh we'll get to that the airtight case, also by the way horrible answer

That's the classic dollop answer yeah, but it's still terrifying, we'll get to that. Get to it. There's a reason is what you're saying, which is troubling the airtight cases were valued for their potential to preserve the remains of individual individuals who died far from home: okay, okay, okay, according to fists eighteen. Forty eight pattern quote from a coffin of this description, the air may be exhausted so completely as entirely to prevent the decay of that contained body on principles well, understood or prefer. The coffin may be filled with any gas or fluid having the property of preventing true fixation, so it's kind of like tupperware for a court. Yes, that's exactly what it is its corpse tupperware. We go it's corpse.

Where I can watch a drink from that weird glass that you gave it to me in eighteen, forty, nine fisk's foundry on long island in new york, burned down, along with all of the company's machinery tools and inventory. Fisk borrowed fifteen thousand from two investors. John G, forbes and horace white horse white was the governor of new york, so all will be fine until fix fisk's health declined the next year. He then transferred all of his patents and his business to forbes and white Fiske died on october. Eighteen fifty turns out from an illness.

He contracted, while fighting the blaze out. Ok does enjoy their dollop this place. This isn't my first rodeo as all other companies like crane breed and company of since naughty and w and raymond company of new york and Chicago were granted licences to produce cast iron coffins. These companies introduced modified versions that replaced the sarcophagus shape, but the rectangular casket and simplify the design, so it could be mass produced. The models were popular during the civil war, with wealthy families who one of their loved ones, killed in battle to be buried near the family, home, ok, that's good at smart and midnight, and the mummies factor was probably not like. A hot item throws yard the mummy up. That's a guys. I've got to ideas. Let's do both in the battle Asheville the civil war was waning months, our superior industrial strength and never ending supply of manpower had taken a torn the confederacy. Everything was.

going downhill the rebels. The union was now concentrating almost all of its force against the quote. Other rebel army, the army of tennessee. This army was the last hope for the south. It was led by general John H, bell hood, who at this time was physically beaten and an emotionally unstable man can imagine, I gotta have the weight of the world. This is what you like come on. Slavery. He had lost the use of one arm at gettysburg and lost a leg at the battle of chickamauga. He this man should not be involved in war any more once you're down two limbs you're out, he had to literally be strapped to his horse to travel. Oh my god! What he's in charge, if everyone listen to the matters hanging underneath his pony tie the general to the bottom of the horde. Excuse me you help me help me get over. The bears may move

the old charge, but I rolled over to the bottom of the horse. Could you push me back a top timely down hard? This is where this long time downhearted came from nowhere a lot johnson you're not tie the knots again. Sorry, sir, I didn't realize Ellen was, he was hurt, was a student of the old school method of fighting which you didn't need arms that not the only honourable way to attack was head on with banners wine. Was that was that wasn't the game. The civil war was playing. Those guys always did well in the civil war. Hood was said to have associated valor with casualty lists. The battle of franklin on november thirtieth. Eighteen, sixty four. In one days fighting he suffered six thousand two hundred and two casualties holy shit in no. Another. Seventy people, no other battle, did any army have some

The generals killed and wounded. She's five give better. Generals were killed, outright, six were wounded, one of which soon died and one was captured. So he sounds like a terrible leader. Yeah right, we're gonna attack on where they could see us. Ok, generals out front It was ready for more than a day only to discover the union forces had snuck away during the night for nashville hood pursued. His troops were sick worn down, and many were barefoot. That's you to fight a war. Now, that's not even how you want to be an die hard. No, let up in actual war. Nashville was heavily fortified when hood arrived. His troops, were attacked. Many ran away some held out and fought the hopeless battle. Small packets of resistance fought for a couple of days. One of these with the the twentieth tennessee under the command of colonel wood, m m shy.

our position on competence hill? Where am I I was born and bourbon kentucky bergmann county kentucky on may twenty. Fourth, eighteen thirty eight, he was one of ten children. His older brother, James shy, organised the paregoric, which became company g of the twentieth, tennessee infantry thoughts of william or bill, as he was properly known by his comrades, illicit pirated, come and private company h of the twentyth tendency on its and said it's in the spring, after the battle of fishing creek, he was elected a lieutenant. He was known to be a better man of quiet disposition, a man of deeds rather than words. He was modest and gentle always calm and collected in battle. He quickly rose the ranks from captain and eighteen sixty two to major in eighteen, sixty three, then lieutenant curl colonel, I leaning his men through the battles of shallow port. Hudson murfreesboro hoover gap missionary,

it's atlanta and friendly nashville, where he was colonel of the twentieth right. It's good you just gotta get rez good rez gone. Does he have a shot at great uncommon, till he found himself surrounded by three sides by thousands of union soldiers receding fire from all angles. Around four p m began to reign demand and not slept in days. They retired cold, wet hungry, but still they fought on. Suddenly the massive federal attack began. There are just a few minutes of violent fighting and then it was all over. They came so fast with so many that the small force it up. The hill was completely overwhelmed. The entire command of defence was nigh elated. Only sixty five individuals, just escaped colonel, william m shy, was killed. Continental will later be renamed shy. Hill in his honor, the battle of nashville, was over sad. It's not a it's, not an easy time for miguel hold on when word is something about to happen. Dave is going to come back to life or shut up. It's called adrenaline

one word of colonel shies: death reached his family is unknown, how it was received, because his mother's, simple sympathise with the south other sympathise with the more then this is like this. Like a republican democrats, calling I'm glad my sunday that'll take tat iraq yeah the dab like that's right. There are weak, I saw you take tat mamma. What I tell you our boys, dad god. He was on the rogues that to just so at all, just through being unmarried. The chore of recovering his body fell to his parents, but it was almost impossible for a civilian to get permission to travel the roads, because the pursuit of the fleeing confederate army after the battle of nashville right so they're, fucking, scurrying, everywhere yeah. So the shy family solicited the help of their close friend doctor Daniel B cliff, who held a very influential position in the community

dutch, cliff moderation, sirs wife, mrs virginia cliff, to go to nashville to recover colonel shies body, but where's his body I mean his body is just rest on our mountains. It's on that. It's on Compton hill yeah, like he's dead, you want to pick them up or You know I leave marijuana, take out or delivery. What are you after you oughta come together letter. Ah, you got two options. Also, you can't come because send somebody else who is more important if you can't go take abide cages go around in this day and age load that he sends his wife, yeah she could see was the one who was. She was the one who is graving. He was too busy glowed. He was on. The goal of this is the dark. The doktor said the doktor scent is what you have the doctors. Ok, now, no one wise- and his lady, maybe was because is opposing views that I thought that chivalry was area. Ladies first broke out, it probably was attending the wounded because of the war

from a newspaper report at the time, virginia whitfield cliff took a spring wagon with the negro man to drive and brought his body home. This privilege was accorded her by because a doctor clear connection with the north, mrs cliff found im without a stitch of clothing on shot through the center of his forehead and impaled on a tree with a bayonne net. Jesus till he got really cool yeah. He like doubles yeah. They were like bayshore. lot about fire to take out is because, as an odd out, crucial was brought home and lay to rest in the family. Metairie at two rivers, near franklin, tennessee, dr cliff, was skilled in the art of embalming. Shai was buried in the family graveyard and the marker still stands a white shaft in a cow lot. Excuse me, you heard me a white shaft with a cow. A lot. You betcha sounds like a scottish farmer. This

There were eight members of the shy family buried in the graveyard in the eighteen hundred and nineteen hundreds is there any. Is there any appeal to that? Having Bearing your dead body dead body near people, you know and were related to its little I mean I don't need anybody bearing the backyard. It kind can. I would just rather go. Do my own thing: yeah yeah, there's a place. You go to yeah just be off of my own area. I don't need anyone. I know around watching me decompose. It's all weird that and care and in the canteen of colonel shy, are still in the possession of his family. The grave of colonel shy lay peacefully behind the beautiful and from home on the rio Del rio pike for over one hundred years on december, twenty eight nineteen, seventy seven bay- that's amazing, because that's quite a jump while it did make a time jump. Okay, we did December twenty four nineteen. Seventy seven benin may Griffith

I had recently purchased the antebellum estate. Hopefully, while Mr Griffin was showing the mansion and grounds to a friend on christmas eve, she noticed that one of the plots had been disturbed. Oh no, the gravestones heading bore the following inscription: lieutenant colonel, william shy, twentieth, tennessee infantry say, born made twenty fourth, eighteen, thirty eight killed at the battle of nashville this december, sixteenth eighteen, sixty four the grievous, immediately called the sheriffs department since the sheriffs didn't consider this an emergency because he believed that would be great robbers dug up the plot. deal civil war memorabilia. He waited until after christmas to investigate go ahead, take a hold on good police work grad, thereby you nobody nowhere nowhere they are going somewhere about nobody. Nobody does anything on christmas stolid. I come on now when the share for two

and on december, twenty ninth and inspected the grave he discovered a headless decomposed body, dressed in a formal black jacket, white shirt and white gloves. The investigators at the sight agreed that this was the body of a recent homicide victim, oh Jesus, in advance, Stated decay. Their theory was that a murderer or murderers had attempted to hide the victims body in plain sight, by bearing in any use plot, but got scared off by mrs griffith in her guest in the middle of disposing of the corpse. So they it it was recently killed person. They decided to hide in the tomb, but then they ran Why? Because right there bearing a they were bare. I, like I, like their plan to good plan at from fundamental aspect. I do think that is a fair, all fair idea, nobody's gonna, be looking in a grave, robotic right. Honestly, it's all plan local authorities would not match. Could not match they had this corpse with any of their missing person. Reports

While there is about it, some even speculated that the head might have been removed to hamper the identification of the body since the shares department. It help identifying the body in estimating the time of death. They asked forensic anthropologist doktor, william and bass of the university of tennessee at knoxville, to help with the recovery and analysis of the remains exports. The local paper, the franklin December twenty first nineteen. Seventy seven be right: I am sent county authorities investigating the tampering of a civil. Were soldiers, grave discover, that a second body had been placed in the grave, probably whom, within the last year, the bodies and adult male clad in what appear to be a taxi to the body of colonel shy in its steel. Vault was undisturbed. Official said national banner December thirty. First, nineteen. Seventy seven

it looks like we have a homicide on our hands, said: chief deputy fleming Williams, Let us show it doctor bass awry. I have done a more thorough search, turned up the head and other missing body parts. Oh my god, it was reported. The body was found in a sitting position and then it had been dead for six months as bass excavated what he what was left of the body. He found a small hole in the top of the coffin, possibly caused by pick or a shovel. When bass looked inside the metal coffin, he found nothing but sludge which didn't I saw him. He had examined a nineteenth century cemetery in tennessee and found little more than small bone fragments sludge. So what he found was colonel shy, yeah, but sludge yeah, but that's what happens the bodies they turn the sludge jurists, csi las vegas, never seen sea as well as vague, but I was under the impression that we were just becoming bounds. We weren't becoming as no sludge summed if you're like in in a tightly

if you're like in a body bag you're one of the fancy ones. Well, if yeah, if you're in something that doesn't let air in or out, then it'll turn into like a juicy sort of soho, but that met you wanna be juice, maybe I'll introduce you wanna be grave am I wanna, be juice and with others. I think we found it very key difference as examine the bones back in his laboratory occurring. Do is ask geological analysis. There hence belong to a white male and his mid twenties too early thirties was about five ten. Do the presence of pink tissue and decomposing tissue bass believed that this person had only been dead between six and twelve months? Shares investigators discovered seventeen fragments of skull during an additional inspection of the coffin when it's glued them back together. He found that the cause of death was a gunshot wound to the head, with a large caliber gun at close range. The entrance wound was in the right, the forehead right above the left eye and the exit wound was near. The base of the skull

that, during the battle Nashville shy was shot at point. Blank rage with fifty eight caliber ball to the head. Doktor fast begins back that he had made a huge error in the timeline of death when the teeth were exam. We discover that many of them had cavities, but there were no signs of modern dental care such feelings, then the clothes were examined and there were no synthetic fibres and liberals labels things that are too raising a modern garments. Also it was a ruffled shirt and a black tuxedo coat and white gloves, like you know, in the eighteen fucking hundreds bath, determined that the body was a hundred and thirteen years old way he reeled, as that's a bad calculate irene. What lives off a little bit six months.

Thirteen. You have made easily attack like what data. Well, this is really jack. He realized the body blow No, I m shine hidden pulled out through the small hole in the lid looters trying to rob the grave doktor bass told the national banner. I got the age sex race height and wait right, but I was off on the time of death by a hunter thirteen here, it's really being like. Really like that's really gotta pudding China is heard right there right around here. I got this ex ride I got the other height was corral. You get the height roared. I nailed every that you get the high roared out a corpse. Everything I want. I accept the one thing that I have actually good, except for the thing that maybe you can just do based on vision, doktor, burnham reflecting on how he could have miscalculated the time since death.

by more than a hundred years. There was in bombing fluid arsenic present in the flesh- Though, in bombing does not preserve, human rights remains, a body will not stay uncorrupted forever, because embalming fluids only delay the inevitable process of decomposition. Ok, colonel or colonel shies corpse was protected from oxygen inside is hermetically seal. The coffin, the Fiske coffin, was also constructed to prevent bacteria a necessary part of future vacation from flourishing and the metal coffin protect the body from insects which can burrow through wood coffins and feasts on human remains. Wait. It's the fisk coffin, the coffin made him between the embalming, fluid and the Fiske coffin. He was just like a dude hanging out. He was just you could have fucking open it up and looking at a little window and but he would have been like

I think you just sold me the first coffin, what's up effective forever, like what's going on the case in its errors made international headlines and lent it didn't. They know that he got the height right, yeah. The case its errors made international headlines and then to an innovation and forensic anthropology. Doktor best believe that is air was caused by a lack of understanding of what happens to the body during decomposition. So was the colonel shy case that motivated doktor bass to start that after a pot anthropological research facility at the university of tennessee and knoxville, better known as the body farm. The body farm is a research facility where when composition can be studied in a variety of settings, the research facility opened up a nineteen eighty.

He too, provided setting for forensic anthropologists to document postmortem changes and to experiment with factors that affect time. Since death estimates It consists of a two point: five. What kind of business are you guys opening up? We live around the block next door. Yeah, we open up upper body farm okay, so we just Well, throw bodies out here and see how quick they write and stuff. Let me get my husband what kind of place she got over. They raised chickens that seo can make these zombies tho, probably better for you chickens don't come over here. You know we can have a Is we just going to put up a lot, I'm walking away to signify that this conversation is done? Okay! Well, if you died, just go ahead and fall this way, I'm slowly. Turning my walk. They were trot. Trotting

By now it consists of a two point: five acre wooded plots round by a razor wire fence at anyone, time. There are a number of bodies placed indifference settings throughout the facility and left to decompose. What the fuck is. This is what the the bodies are exposed to the number of ways in order to provide insights into decomposition under varying conditions. Detailed observation and records of the decomposition process are kept, including the sequence and speed of decomposition and the effects of insect activity, but who gives honestly who gives a fuck? It's the fucking people who try to determine how long a body person who gives a fuck, because you have to know when a person died. If

a murdered, but you know I mean how much is this. Is this a big enough problem that we need a body firing? I would say no. This is not the eighteen hundreds when people are getting robbed all the time, farmers it's fun, it's not fun. I think it's fun, a god son as a body for gabon. Kids are guarded body. Far. That's an ant farm at my formats and the body farm received it's first donation in eighteen. Eighty one over a hundred bodies are donated each year to the facility I mean that he thought in the finale, but like I want my body to rot outside yeah, I want to be tossed. I want to be looked at. I just shred- slowly shred I won't- I heard from a tray- tell I'm good oh, do whatever you want and honestly guys I mean this. If any of you want to fuck me just have at it, I don't even give a fuck I'm here, for you guys over a thousand bodies have been Jesus given to the body from Ugh. What today, there are six body farms

united states, oh glad, to see their franchise. There is the university of tennessee at texas, state, university, SAM Houston, state university, southern illinois, colorado mesa and the university of california university of pennsylvania, california, university of penn. The boy. That's gotta be confusing when you get in there, he like where the fuck am. I had I gotta California, now this the california university, no of pennsylvania somewhere the campuses in iowa log into the calendar for a university of pennsylvania cap us in our work under the clarification course earlier this year the fox valley, technical college in wisconsin, announced they would open their own pocket tags wisconsin, where it will begin on a new body farm near ear. On monday on the outskirts of sydney, australia in two thousand fifteen on a patch of land, by the university. Will we be technology, knowledge sidney? Will we be

I hope so I wanna. I hope they could do a fun sort of dollar body farm tied if you gotta, body, farm, half price. Half price party formed a power of price that's going to that's going to be the first body farm outside the united states. Oh well, it's glad to see less, of course, you're, including apple chia or any of the other places where people were slaughtered? Oh yeah, well, we're not on money, doesn't count on Monday, the thirteenth on february, in February nineteen, seventy eight, a cold rain was falling. The service was brief. There was no jump. Moral, a rifle salute: six civilian, just members of the sons of the confederacy carried the greg

often to its resting place. Members of the deep sea were also on hand with confederate flags, and one was placed on the grave. The reverend Charles fulton of Saint Paul, a pistol church, said it said a short eulogy over the shy coffin. Mrs Montana praised franklin's historical committee for its warmth, insincerity. She remarked, I guess he could have been put back on the ground in the pine box, but the people of free then gave him a very warm ceremony and colonel william shy was buried. So that's all the jihad yeah, that's all she has. It really did that stuff instead of on fire. Every deal started here, but he hasn't we validate anyway. That's how the body formed him to be Jesus Christ. You are welcome yeah, good, no disgusting, I mean on it like. I just don't see much advantage to theirs. If someone, if you're like, if you're someone you knew, got killed and they

not every six months. They can figure out exactly when it happened and then start that six months we know what we're dealing with what we don't need, like we basically no like what the data the decomposition rated, probably as we just don't know what, if someone is in some crazy coffin, but we do are those happening. I mean. The only thing now is you're getting buried like like weirdos will be like our burden, his coffin, like that's. What we're dealing with now is like vanity coffin is gonna, get a kiss calf love ethic, shocked by that yeah kiss workin dies. Everything are you shitting me for a hundred bucks, jude, seventh like your door, not his body for different like, so we can kiss them. No! No, it's all Paul Stanley's well, that was the a kiss body farm I'd go to. I would go to that that I go do if you were like are you die, you get. You become a member of kiss I'd, be fuck, that's on better thanks a battlefield for this

suggestion of a given that it was the end of the small. Well, we tried. Ok, we tried chair, is your shirt going to new york city public school system. The really bad teachers are sent to be an active teacher reserve aka. The rubber dog comedy takes you back to school. George were important naive, Lindsay whittle framed by her fellow teachers. Fights for survival in this academic prison, starring, Alison pill, Oswald David cross and more the mondays. Ten am east on sirius Xm, raw dog, ninety nine and on the fx, I'm an athlete with all our trials of popular class.